The transition from adolescence to adults is known as emerging adulthood. Emerging adulthood are individuals between the age of 18 and 25, who left their childhood dependency but have not yet started the responsibilities of adulthood. the transition from adolescence to adulthood involves left school, moved out of their parents home, has a full-time job, is in a sexual relationship and has children who live with them.
Health and wellness
In early adulthood, individuals have more than twice the mortality rate of an adolescent. They have fewer chronic health problems and fewer colds and respiratory problems.
In early adulthood, individuals have more than twice the mortality rate of an adolescent. They have fewer chronic health problems and fewer colds and respiratory problems.
- Obesity is defined as having a body mass index equal to or more than 30. Individuals with obesity have an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is caused by environmental factors such as the greater availability to food, energy-saving deceives and declining physical activity.
- Dietary fats
o Trans fat ruin the body’s ability to regulate cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease
o Number of food manufacturers working on removing trans fat from their products
- Dieting
o Most do not work in the long-term
o one-third to two-third of dieters regain more weight than they lost on their diets
o can be harmful
o diets can be risky- weight cycling ) recurring cycle of losing weight and gaining weight
o liquid diets and other very-low calorie diets damage the gallbladder
o when overweight people diet and maintain their weight loss, they feel better about themselves, feel less depressed and reduce their risk of health disorders
- regular exercise
o aerobic exercise is very good for ones health as it stimulates lung and heart activity (jogging, swimming)
o benefits mental health as well
o increase self-concept, reduces anxiety and depression
- restrained eating- individuals who chronically restrict their food intake to control their weight
Substance Abuse
Alcohol is consumed around the world and leads to injuries, drunk driving, unprotected sex and STIs
o Binge-drinking- increases in college and university
o Drink to party, celebrate, have fun and forget their worries
o Although, students who binge drink often skip class, troubled with the police and engage in unprotected sex
o Binge-drinking- increases in college and university
o Drink to party, celebrate, have fun and forget their worries
o Although, students who binge drink often skip class, troubled with the police and engage in unprotected sex
- Cigarette smoking
o Have greater health risk the earlier they start
o Short-term- colds and infections (bronchitis and pneumonia)
o Smokers also consume more alcohol develop a smokers cough (chronic lug irritation) suffer with headaches and hangovers
o Nicotine is found in cigarettes which is a stimulant that increases the smoker’s energy and makes it an enjoyable experience
o Become addicted to the nicotine which makes it difficult for them to quit
o People can replace nicotine with a different source to help them quit such as nicotine gum or nicotine patch
- Sexuality
- Sexuality transmitted infections
o The most common are gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes and HPV
- Protecting against STIs-know you and your own partner risk status, go to the doctor and get a medical checkup, have protected sex by using condoms, and do not have sex with more than one partner.
Cognitive development
Piaget believed that young adults are more quantitatively advanced in their thinking, in means of having more knowledge than adolescents.
o The domain is involved with the decline of creativity
o In fields such as philosophy and history, older adults show more creativity then when they were in their thirties and forties
o In fields such as poetry and math creativity is usually reached in the twenties or thirties
- Other developmentalist believed that the concept that Piagets explained as part of formal operational thinking decreases in early adulthood. When it comes to thinking, adults become more aware of the different opinions and perspective of others. Whereas adolescents engage in dualistic thinking when making decisions.
- Creativity
o The domain is involved with the decline of creativity
o In fields such as philosophy and history, older adults show more creativity then when they were in their thirties and forties
o In fields such as poetry and math creativity is usually reached in the twenties or thirties
Problems and issues
- Rape- forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent.
· Rape is a traumatic experience for the victims as well as for their families and friends
· Victims feel shock and numbness after experiencing this event
· Victims may experience depression, fear, anxiety and increased substance use while they attempt to get their lives back
- Unemployment produces stress regardless if the loss of the job is temporary, reoccurring, or permanent
· Also, dual-earner couples may have problems balancing work and their social life
· When both couples are working, they start to have relationship problems because they have difficultly accomplishing certain tasks such as managing a home and family and having time for each other
· Another issue dual couples face is their job schedule and location
· One partner may work at night while the other works during the day, and they hardly see each other some may have to have long distance relationship if one gets a job opportunity that requires leaving
Socio emotional development
- Attraction, love and close relationships
o Consensual validation: an explanation of people’s attraction to others who are similar to them. Our own attitudes and behavior are supported when someone else’s attitudes and behavior are similar to ours
· Physical attraction is usually more important in the early part of a relationship; physical attractiveness vary across cultures and historical times
· Erikson’s stage: intimacy versus isolation
o Key development in early adulthood
o The inability to develop meaningful relationship with others can harm an individual’s personality
Intimate relationships: marriage and the family life cycle
- Marital trends in Canada
o Cultures is powerful on marriage
-Chastity was the most important characteristic in selecting a marital partner in china, India, Indonesia, Iran, Taiwan and Palestine
-Religion also plays an important role in marriage in many cultures: in India more than 70% are arranged marriages, although as women began to work and move to cities, women are resisting arrange marriage
- Benefits of a good marriage
o Women in happy marriages had lower levels of biological and cardiovascular risk factors- such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels lower levels of depression, anxiety
o Less likely to feel physical and emotionally stressed